Swift ?? operator, Characters

// 1. ?? operator
var a : Int?
let c : Int?
var b : Int = 123

var ss = a ?? b
print(ss)
ss = c ?? b // error : constant c is used before being initialized.
print(ss)
a = nil
ss = a ?? b
print(ss)




// 2. Working with Characters
for character in "Dog!^^".characters {
    print(character)
}



let catCharacters: [Character] = ["C","a","t","!"]
let catString = String(catCharacters)
print(catString)

var tmp = catString
tmp.append("?")
print(tmp)

Swift collection: array, set,dictionary

// 1. Collection : Array
var a = [Int]()
var b = Array(repeating: 4, count: 3)
print(a)
print(b)
a = [1,2,3]
var c = a + b
print(c)
c += [5,6]
print(c)

c[2...5] = [9,10]  //it's brilliant way.
print(c)
for (index, val) in c.enumerated(){
    print( "\(index) => \(val)" )
}



// 2. Collection : Set
var even:Set<Int> = [2,4,6,8,10]
var odd:Set = [1,3,5,7,9]
var tmp = Set<Int>()
even.insert(12)
tmp = [2,3,4,5]

print(tmp.intersection(odd))
print(tmp.union(even))
print(tmp.symmetricDifference(even).sorted())

//3. Collection : Dictionary
var dict = [Int:String]()
dict = [:]
print(dict)

var airportCode = ["a":"america", "b":"bangkok", "c":"china"]
for( key, value ) in airportCode {
    print( "key:\(key) val:\(value)")
}

Swift loop, switch,fallthrough

//1. loop

for i in 0...3 {
    print(i)
}

for i in (0...3).reversed(){
    print(i)
}


//2. switch interval matching
let a = 32
switch a {
case 0,3:
    print("0,3")
case 0...19:
    print("...19")
case 20..<40:
    print("20..<40")
default:
    print("default")
}





// switch tuples

let a = (1, 1)
switch a {
case (0, 0):
    print("(0, 0) is at the origin")
case (_, 0):
    print("(\(a.0), 0) is on the x-axis")
case (0, _):
    print("(0, \(a.1)) is on the y-axis")
case (-2...2, -2...2):
    print("(\(a.0), \(a.1)) is inside the box")
default:
    print("(\(a.0), \(a.1)) is outside of the box")

}





// switch value binding

let a = (2, 0)
switch a {
case (let x, 0):
    print("on the x-axis with an x value of \(x)")
case (0, let y):
    print("on the y-axis with a y value of \(y)")
case let (x, y):
    print("somewhere else at (\(x), \(y))")
case (let x,0),(0, let x):       
    //warning: case will never be executed
    print("On an axis, \(x) from the origin")
case (let x,0),(0, let y) :      
    //error: x,y must be bound in every pattern
    print("error")

}





//switch where

let a = (101,10)
switch a {
case let(x,y) where x == y :
    print("x==y")
case let(x,y) where x >= y :
    print("x>=y")
case let(x,y) where x <= y :
    print("x<=y")
default:
    print("default")
}



// switch fallthrough

var a = 1
switch a {
    case 0...4:
        print("0...4")
        fallthrough
    case 5...10:
        print("5....10")
    case 11...14:
        print("11...14")
    default:
        print("default")
}

Light Normal Bias

Custom View , @IBDesignable, @IBInspectable

//BaseViewWithXib.swift
import UIKit

class BaseViewWithXib: UIView {
    var contentView: UIView?
    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        setupView()
    }

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        setupView()
    }

    

    func setupView() {
        let view = viewFromNibForClass()
        view.frame = bounds

        view.autoresizingMask = [
            UIViewAutoresizing.flexibleWidth,
            UIViewAutoresizing.flexibleHeight
        ]

        addSubview(view)
        self.contentView = view
    }


    private func viewFromNibForClass() -> UIView {
        let bundle = Bundle(for: type(of: self))
        let nib = UINib(nibName: String(describing: type(of: self)), bundle: bundle)
        let view = nib.instantiate(withOwner: self, options: nil).first as! UIView
        return view
    }

}





//MyView.swift
import UIKit

@IBDesignable class MyView: BaseViewWithXib {

    @IBInspectable var bgColor:UIColor?{
        didSet {
            self.contentView?.backgroundColor = bgColor
        }
    }


    //must be . if not, IB designable compile error occur!
    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)     
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
    }

   
}

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